javax.xml包全面教程：DOM和SAX解析、XSLT转换与XML验证

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

public class DOMParserExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // 创建 DocumentBuilderFactory
            DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
            
            // 解析 XML 文件
            Document document = builder.parse("books.xml");
            document.getDocumentElement().normalize();
            
            // 获取根元素
            System.out.println("根元素: " + document.getDocumentElement().getNodeName());
            
            // 获取所有 book 元素
            NodeList nodeList = document.getElementsByTagName("book");
            
            for (int i = 0; i < nodeList.getLength(); i++) {
                Node node = nodeList.item(i);
                if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
                    Element element = (Element) node;
                    String id = element.getAttribute("id");
                    String title = element.getElementsByTagName("title").item(0).getTextContent();
                    String author = element.getElementsByTagName("author").item(0).getTextContent();
                    String price = element.getElementsByTagName("price").item(0).getTextContent();
                    
                    System.out.println("图书 ID: " + id);
                    System.out.println("标题: " + title);
                    System.out.println("作者: " + author);
                    System.out.println("价格: " + price);
                    System.out.println("------------");
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

public class SAXParserExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
            SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
            
            DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() {
                boolean bTitle = false;
                boolean bAuthor = false;
                boolean bPrice = false;
                
                @Override
                public void startElement(String uri, String localName, 
                                       String qName, Attributes attributes) {
                    if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("book")) {
                        String id = attributes.getValue("id");
                        System.out.println("图书 ID: " + id);
                    }
                    if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("title")) {
                        bTitle = true;
                    }
                    if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("author")) {
                        bAuthor = true;
                    }
                    if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("price")) {
                        bPrice = true;
                    }
                }
                
                @Override
                public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) {
                    if (bTitle) {
                        System.out.println("标题: " + new String(ch, start, length));
                        bTitle = false;
                    }
                    if (bAuthor) {
                        System.out.println("作者: " + new String(ch, start, length));
                        bAuthor = false;
                    }
                    if (bPrice) {
                        System.out.println("价格: " + new String(ch, start, length));
                        bPrice = false;
                    }
                }
            };
            
            saxParser.parse("books.xml", handler);
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import java.io.File;

public class XSLTExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // 创建转换器工厂
            TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            
            // 创建 XSLT 转换器
            Transformer transformer = factory.newTransformer(
                new StreamSource(new File("transform.xsl")));
            
            // 执行转换
            transformer.transform(
                new StreamSource(new File("books.xml")),
                new StreamResult(new File("output.html")));
            
            System.out.println("转换完成！");
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import javax.xml.validation.Schema;
import javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory;
import javax.xml.validation.Validator;

public class XMLValidationExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // 创建 Schema 工厂
            SchemaFactory factory = 
                SchemaFactory.newInstance(XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI);
            
            // 创建 Schema
            Schema schema = factory.newSchema(new File("books.xsd"));
            
            // 创建验证器
            Validator validator = schema.newValidator();
            
            // 验证 XML 文件
            validator.validate(new StreamSource(new File("books.xml")));
            
            System.out.println("XML 验证成功！");
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("验证失败: " + e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bookstore>
    <book id="1">
        <title>Java 编程思想</title>
        <author>Bruce Eckel</author>
        <price>89.00</price>
    </book>
    <book id="2">
        <title>Effective Java</title>
        <author>Joshua Bloch</author>
        <price>79.00</price>
    </book>
    <book id="3">
        <title>Spring 实战</title>
        <author>Craig Walls</author>
        <price>69.00</price>
    </book>
</bookstore>